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In the Late Middle Ages (1340–1400) Europe experienced the most deadly disease outbreak in history when the Black Death, the infamous pandemic of bubonic plague, hit in 1347.
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Practitioners of an extreme form of mortification of their own flesh by whipping it with various instruments.
#Black death ritual profound echoes of the end series#
Series of trade and cultural routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent, connecting the West and East from China to the Mediterranean Sea. Without treatment, the bacterial infection kills about two thirds of infected humans within four days. The great population loss wrought by the plague brought favorable results to the surviving peasants in England and Western Europe, such as wage increases and more access to land, and was one of the factors in the ending of the feudal system.ĭisease circulating mainly in fleas on small rodents.Flagellantism, the practice of self-inflicted pain, especially with a whip, became popular as a radical movement during the time of the Black Death, and was eventually deemed heretical by the church.As people struggled to understand the causes of the Black Death, renewed religious fervor and fanaticism bloomed in its wake, leading to the widespread persecution of minorities.The aftermath of the plague created a series of religious, social, and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.Medieval doctors thought the plague was created by air corrupted by humid weather, decaying unburied bodies, and fumes produced by poor sanitation.The Great Famine of 1315-1317 and subsequent malnutrition in the population likely caused weakened immunity and susceptibility to disease.It spread from central Asia on rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships, and traveled towards Europe as people fled from one area to another.The Black Death resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75-200 million people-approximately 30% of Europe’s population.The volume also includes illustrations, a chronology of the Black Death, and questions to consider. The book contains documents from many countries - including Muslim and Byzantine sources - to give students a variety of perspectives on this devastating illness and its consequences. Each chapter has an introduction that summarizes the issues explored in the documents headnotes to the documents provide additional background material. A comprehensive introduction that provides important background on the origins and spread of the plague is followed by nearly 50 documents organized into topical sections that focus on the origin and spread of the illness the responses of medical practitioners the societal and economic impact religious responses the flagellant movement and attacks on Jews provoked by the plague and the artistic response. A fascinating account of the phenomenon known as the Black Death, this volume offers a wealth of documentary material focused on the initial outbreak of the plague that ravaged the world in the 14th century.